How QR codes work
The data you enter is converted into bits, wrapped with error-correction data and laid out across the grid. The three large squares in the corners are finder patterns: they tell a scanner where the code is and how it is rotated, which is why a QR code still reads upside down or at an angle. Error correction adds redundancy, so a code can still be decoded when part of it is scratched, blurred or covered — Low keeps the code small, while High tolerates more damage at the cost of a denser pattern.